71.080.01 (Organic chemicals in general) 标准查询与下载

ASTM E659-14 液体化学品自燃温度的标准试验方法

5.1 Autoignition, by its very nature, is dependent on the chemical and physical properties of the material and the method and apparatus employed for its determination. The autoignition temperature by a given method does not necessarily represent the minimum temperature at which a given material will self-ignite in air. The volume of the vessel used is particularly important since lower autoignition temperatures will be achieved in larger vessels. (See Appendix X2.) Vessel material can also be an important factor. 5.2 The temperatures determined by this test method are those at which air oxidation leads to ignition. These temperatures can be expected to vary with the test pressure and oxygen concentration. 5.3 This test method is not designed for evaluating materials which are capable of exothermic decomposition. For such materials, ignition is dependent upon the thermal and kinetic properties of the decomposition, the mass of the sample, and the heat transfer characteristics of the system. 5.4 This test method can be employed for solid chemicals which melt and vaporize or which readily sublime at the test temperature. No condensed phase, liquid or solid, should be present when ignition occurs. 5.5 This test method is not designed to measure the autoignition temperature of materials which are solids or liquids at the test temperature (for example, wood, paper, cotton, plastics, and high-boiling point chemicals). Such materials will thermally degrade in the flask and the accumulated degradation products may ignite. 5.6 This test method can be used, with appropriate modifications, for chemicals that are gaseous at atmospheric temperature and pressure. 5.7 This test method was developed primarily for liquid chemicals but has been employed to test readily vaporized solids. Responsibility for extension of this test method to solids of unknown thermal stability, boiling point, or degradation characteristics rests with the operator. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of hot- and cool-flame autoignition temperatures of a liquid chemical in air at atmospheric pressure in a uniformly heated vessel. Note 1—Within certain limitations, this test method can also be used to determine the autoignition temperature of solid chemicals which readily melt and vaporize at temperatures below the test temperature and for chemicals that are gaseous at atmospheric pressure and temperature.Note 2—After a round robin study, Test Method D2155 was discontinued, and replaced by Test Method E659 in 1978. See also Appendix X2. 1.2 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.

Standard Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid Chemicals

ASTM D5236-13 重烃类混合物蒸馏试验方法 (真空釜式蒸馏法)

5.1 This test method is one of a number of tests conducted on heavy hydrocarbon mixtures to characterize these materials for a refiner or a purchaser. It provides an estimate of the yields of fractions of various boiling ranges. 5.2 The fractions made by this test method can be used alone or in combination with other fractions to produce samples for analytical studies and quality evaluations. 5.3 Residues to be used in the manufacture of asphalt can also be made but may not always be suitable. The long heat soaking that occurs in this test method may alter some of the properties.Note 1—While the practice of reblending distillates with residue can be done to produce a lighter residue, it is not recommended because it produces blends with irregular properties. 5.4 Details of cutpoints must be mutually agreed upon before the test begins. 5.5 This is a complex procedure involving many interacting variables. It is most important that at the time of first use of a new apparatus, its components be checked as detailed in Annex A1 and Annex A2 and that the location of the vapor temperature sensor be verified as detailed in 6.5.3 and Fig. 1. 1.1 This test method covers the procedure for distillation of heavy hydrocarbon mixtures having initial boiling points greater than 150°C (300°F), such as heavy crude oils, petroleum distillates, residues, and synthetic mixtures. It employs a potstill with a low pressure drop entrainment separator operated under total takeoff conditions. Distillation conditions and equipment performance criteria are specified and typical apparatus is illustrated. 1.2 This test method details the procedures for the production of distillate fractions of standardized quality in the gas oil and lubricating oil range as well as the production of standard residue. In addition, it provides for the determination of standard distillation curves to the highest atmospheric equivalent temperature possible by conventional distillation. 1.3 The maximum achievable atmospheric equivalent temperature (AET) is dependent upon the heat tolerance of the charge. For most samples, a temperature up to 565°C (1050°F) can be attained. This maximum will be significantly lower for heat sensitive samples (for example, heavy residues) and might be somewhat higher for nonheat sensitive samples. 1.4 The recommended distillation method for crude oils up to cutpoint 400°C (752°F) AET is Test Method D2892. This test method can be used for heavy crude oils with initial boiling points greater than 150°C (302°F). However, distillation curves and fraction qualitie......

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)

ASTM E659-13 液体化学品自燃温度的标准试验方法

5.1 Autoignition, by its very nature, is dependent on the chemical and physical properties of the material and the method and apparatus employed for its determination. The autoignition temperature by a given method does not necessarily represent the minimum temperature at which a given material will self-ignite in air. The volume of the vessel used is particularly important since lower autoignition temperatures will be achieved in larger vessels. (See Appendix X2.) Vessel material can also be an important factor. 5.2 The temperatures determined by this test method are those at which air oxidation leads to ignition. These temperatures can be expected to vary with the test pressure and oxygen concentration. 5.3 This test method is not designed for evaluating materials which are capable of exothermic decomposition. For such materials, ignition is dependent upon the thermal and kinetic properties of the decomposition, the mass of the sample, and the heat transfer characteristics of the system. 5.4 This test method can be employed for solid chemicals which melt and vaporize or which readily sublime at the test temperature. No condensed phase, liquid or solid, should be present when ignition occurs. 5.5 This test method is not designed to measure the autoignition temperature of materials which are solids or liquids at the test temperature (for example, wood, paper, cotton, plastics, and high-boiling point chemicals). Such materials will thermally degrade in the flask and the accumulated degradation products may ignite. 5.6 This test method was developed primarily for liquid chemicals but has been employed to test readily vaporized solids. Responsibility for extension of this test method to solids of unknown thermal stability, boiling point, or degradation characteristics rests with the operator. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of hot- and cool-flame autoignition temperatures of a liquid chemical in air at atmospheric pressure in a uniformly heated vessel. Note 1—Within certain limitations, this test method can also be used to determine the autoignition temperature of solid chemicals which readily melt and vaporize at temperatures below the test temperature.Note 2—After a round robin study, Test Method D2155 was discontinued, and replaced by Test Method E659 in 1978. See also Appendix X2. 1.2 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.

Standard Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid Chemicals

ASTM D4308-13 使用精密计测定液态烃导电率的标准试验方法

5.1 The generation and dissipation of electrostatic charge in fuel due to handling depend largely on the ionic species present which may be characterized by the rest or equilibrium electrical conductivity. The time for static charge to dissipate is inversely related to conductivity. This test method can supplement Test Method D2624 which is limited to fuels containing static dissipator additive.Note 1—For low-conductivity fluids below 1 pS/m in conductivity, an ac measurement technique is preferable to a dc test method for sensing the electrical conductivity of bulk fluid. This dc test method can be used at conductivities from 0.1 to 1 pS/m if precautions are observed in cell cleaning and sample handling. A waiting period of 15 min is required after filling the cell before measuring dc conductivities below 1 pS/m. A single-laboratory program was conducted comparing this test method with ac Test Methods D150.3 1.1 This test method covers and applies to the determination of the “rest” electrical conductivity of aviation fuels and other similar low-conductivity hydrocarbon liquids in the range from 0.1 to 2000 pS/m (see 3.1.2). This test method can be used in the laboratory or in the field. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.1.1, 7.2, 8.3, and Annex A1.

Standard Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision Meter

ASTM D4308-12 使用精密计测定液态烃导电率的标准试验方法

5.1 The generation and dissipation of electrostatic charge in fuel due to handling depend largely on the ionic species present which may be characterized by the rest or equilibrium electrical conductivity. The time for static charge to dissipate is inversely related to conductivity. This test method can supplement Test Method D2624 which is limited to fuels containing static dissipator additive.Note 1—For low-conductivity fluids below 1 pS/m in conductivity, an ac measurement technique is preferable to a dc test method for sensing the electrical conductivity of bulk fluid. This dc test method can be used at conductivities from 0.1 to 1 pS/m if precautions are observed in cell cleaning and sample handling. A waiting period of 15 min is required after filling the cell before measuring dc conductivities below 1 pS/m. A single-laboratory program was conducted comparing this test method with ac Test Methods D150.3 1.1 This test method covers and applies to the determination of the “rest” electrical conductivity of aviation fuels and other similar low-conductivity hydrocarbon liquids in the range from 0.1 to 2000 pS/m (see 3.1.2). This test method can be used in the laboratory or in the field. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.1.1, 7.2, 8.3, and Annex A1.

Standard Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision Meter

ASTM E1064-12 通过卡尔费歇尔库仑(Karl Fischer)滴定法测定有机液体中水含量的标准试验方法

The coulometric technique is especially suited for determining low concentrations of water in organic liquids that would yield small titers by the Karl Fischer volumetric procedure. The precision and accuracy of the coulometric technique decreases for concentrations of water much greater than 2.0 % because of the difficulty in measuring the small size of sample required. The test method assumes 100 % efficiency of coulombs in iodine production. Provision is made for verifying this efficiency. (See Table 1 and Note 6.) TABLE 1 Sample Size Estimation Expected Water ContentSample Size, mL 0 to 500 mg/kg5 500 to 1000 mg/kg2 1000 to 2000 mg/kg1 0.2 to 0.5 % mass0.5 0.5 to 2.0 % mass0.1 1.1 This test method covers the determination of water from 0 to 2.0 % mass in most liquid organic chemicals, with Karl Fischer reagent, using an automated coulometric titration procedure. Use of this test method is not applicable for liquefied gas products such as Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), Butane, Propane, Liquid Natural Gas (LNG), etc. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 Review the current material safety data sheets (MSDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first-aid procedures, handling, and safety precautions. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

ASTM D6875-12 用热敏电阻器测定工业有机化学制品凝固点的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method may be used for process control during the manufacture of organic chemicals described in Section 1, for setting specifications, for development and research work, and to determine if contamination was introduced during shipment. 1.1 This test method covers a general procedure for determining the solidification point of most organic chemicals having appreciable heats of fusion and solidification points between 4 and 41??C.Note 1???Other test methods for determining freeze point and solidification point of aromatic hydrocarbons include Test Methods D852, D1015, D1016, D3799, D4493, and D6269. 1.2 This test method is applicable to relatively pure compounds only. Solidification point depression is dependent on impurity concentrations. 1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this test method: for purposes of determining conformance with applicable specifications using this test method, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off ???to the nearest unit??? in the last right hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the ???rounding-off method??? of Practice E29. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 8, Hazards.

Standard Test Method for Solidification Point of Industrial Organic Chemicals by Thermistor

ASTM D1218-12 液态烃的折射率和折射色散的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the measurement of refractive index, accurate to four decimal places or better, of transparent and light-colored hydrocarbons in the range of 1.3300 to 1.5000 at temperatures from 20 to 30??C by manual (optical-mechanical) or automatic (digital) procedure. 1.2 The manual (optical-mechanical) procedure also covers the measurement of refractive dispersion accurate to the fourth decimal place or better.Note 1???The test method may be suitable for measuring the refractive indices of liquids above 1.5000 and at temperatures both below 20??C and above 30??C; however, the test method precision may not apply. Verification of the accuracy of such measurements will depend upon the availability of reliable, certified reference standards that demonstrate the performance of the instrument used under the particular measuring conditions. 1.3 The test method may not be applicable to liquids that are strongly colored, or that have bubble points so near the test temperature that a reading cannot be obtained before substantial weathering takes place. Liquid color should be limited to No. 4 ASTM Color or lighter, as determined by Test Method D1500. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. WARNING???Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA???s website???http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm???for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids

ASTM D1078-11 挥发性有机液馏程的标准试验方法

This test method provides a method of measurement of distillation range of volatile organic liquids. The relative volatility of organic liquids can be used with other tests for identification and measurement of quality. Therefore, this test method provides a test procedure for assessing compliance with a specification. This test method also provides an empirical value of residue, solvent recovery capacity, and loss (or non-recovery) on heating. Organic liquids are used as solvents in many chemical processes. As the relative volatility, residual matter and recovery capability affect the efficiency of these processes, this test method is useful in manufacturing control.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the distillation range of liquids boiling between 30 and 350°C, that are chemically stable during the distillation process, by manual or automatic distillation procedures. 1.2 This test method is applicable to organic liquids such as hydrocarbons, oxygenated compounds, chemical intermediates, and blends thereof. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29. 1.5 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet. 1.6 WarningMercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Organic Liquids

ASTM E681-09 化学药品易燃浓缩限度的测试方法

The LFL and UFL of gases and vapors define the range of flammable concentrations in air. 5.2 This method measures the LFL and UFL for upward (and partially outward) flame propagation. The limits for downward flame propagation are narrower. Limits of flammability may be used to determine guidelines for the safe handling of volatile chemicals. They are used particularly in assessing ventilation requirements for the handling of gases and vapors. NFPA 69 provides guidance for the practical use of flammability limit data, including the appropriate safety margins to use. 5.4 As discussed in Brandes and Ural , there is a fundamental difference between the ASTM and European methods for flammability determination. The ASTM methods aim to produce the best representation of flammability parameters, and rely upon the safety margins imposed by the application standards, such as NFPA 69. On the other hand, European test methods aim to result in a conservative representation of flammability parameters. For example, in this standard, LFL is the calculated average of the lowest go and highest no-go concentrations while the European test methods report the LFL as the minimum of the 5 highest no-go concentrations. Note 28212;For hydrocarbons, the break point between nonflammability and flammability occurs over a narrow concentration range at the lower flammability limit, but the break point is less distinct at the upper limit. For materials found to be non-reproducible per 13.1.1 that are likely to have large quenching distances and may be difficult to ignite, such as ammonia and certain halogenated hydrocarbon, the lower and upper limits of these materials may both be less distinct. That is, a wider range exists between flammable and nonflammable concentrations (see Annex A1).1.1 This test method covers the determination of the lower and upper concentration limits of flammability of chemicals having sufficient vapor pressure to form flammable mixtures in air at atmospheric pressure at the test temperature. This test method may be used to determine these limits in the presence of inert dilution gases. No oxidant stronger than air should be used. Note 18212;The lower flammability limit (LFL) and upper flammability limit (UFL) are sometimes referred to as the lower explosive limit (LEL) and the upper explosive limit (UEL), respectively. However, since the terms LEL and UEL are also used to denote concentrations other than the limits defined in this test method, one must examine the definitions closely when LEL and UEL values are reported or used. 1.2 This test method is based on electrical ignition and visual observations of flame propagation. Users may experience problems if the flames are difficult to observe (for example, irregular propagation or insufficient luminescence in the visible spectrum), if the test material requires large ignition energy, or if the material has large quenching distances. 1.3 Annex A1 provides a modified test method for materials (such as certain amines, halogenated materials, and the like) with large quenching distances which may be difficult to ignite. 1.4 In other situations where strong ignition sources (such as direct flame ignition) is considered credible, the use of a test method employing higher energy ignition source in a sufficiently large pressure chamber (analogous, for example, to the methods in Test Method E2079 for measuring limiting oxygen concentration) may be more appropriate. In this case, expert advice may be necessary. 1.5 The flammability limits depend on the test temperature and pressure. This test method is limited to an initial pressure of the local amb......

Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases)

ASTM D7423-09(2014) 使用气相色谱法和火焰离子化检测法测定C2, C3, C4和C5烃基质中充氧剂的标准试验方法

5.1 The determination of oxygenates is important in the manufacture of ethene, propene, 1-3 butadiene, C4 hydrocarbons, and C5 hydrocarbons. Alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, and ketones are trace impurities in these hydrocarbons. Oxygenates decrease catalyst activity in downstream polymerization processes. 1.1 This test method covers the gas chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of organic oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5 matrices by multidimensional gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. This test method is applicable when the hydrocarbon matrices have a final boiling point not greater than 200°C. Oxygenate compounds include, but are not limited to, those listed in Table 1. The linear working range for oxygenates is 0.50 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg. TABLE 1 Oxygenates and Typical Retention Times Components Retention Time (min) Dimethyl ether 6.18 Diethyl ether 8.44 Acetaldehyde 8.89 Ethyl tert-butyl ether 10.66 Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) 10.92 Diisopropyl ether 11.22 Propionaldehyde (Propanal) 12.00 Tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) 13.19 Propyl ether

Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5 Hydrocarbon Matrices by Gas Chromatography and Flame Ionization Detection

ASTM F1525/F1525M-09 减轻危险化学品泄漏中膜片技术的应用标准指南

General8212;This guide contains information regarding the use of membrane technology to recover and concentrate hazardous materials that have entered surface and ground water as the result of a spill. Membrane technology may be applied alone or in conjunction with other treatment techniques, as follows: Different types of membrane are used in series with filters to treat highly contaminated solutions reaching concentration levels of several parts per million of organic and inorganic materials. Different types of membranes are applied in series to treat very dilute concentrations (parts per billion level) of organic and inorganic compounds. Each membrane type has the ability to remove specific compounds, thus producing a concentrated fraction. This fraction may require final off-site treatment but provides a significant reduction in transportation costs due to the large volume reduction achieved. Membranes may be used in conjunction with destruction technologies such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). This method is recommended for dilute solutions. The membrane technology portion concentrates the compounds to an optimum level for AOP destruction.1.1 This guide covers considerations for the use of membrane technology in the mitigation of dilute concentrations of spilled chemicals into ground and surface waters. 1.2 This guide addresses the application of membrane technology alone or in conjunction with other technologies. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. In addition, it is the responsibility of the user to ensure that such activity takes place under the control and direction of a qualified person with full knowledge of any potential or appropriate safety and health protocols.

Standard Guide for Use of Membrane Technology in Mitigating Hazardous Chemical Spills

ASTM D7423-09 用气相色谱法和火焰离子检测法测定C2,C3,C4和C5烃基质中充氧剂的标准试验方法

The determination of oxygenates is important in the manufacture of ethene, propene, 1-3 butadiene, C4 hydrocarbons, and C5 hydrocarbons. Alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, and ketones are trace impurities in these hydrocarbons. Oxygenates decrease catalyst activity in downstream polymerization processes.1.1 This test method covers the gas chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of organic oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5 matrices by multidimensional gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. This test method is applicable when the hydrocarbon matrices have a final boiling point not greater than 200°C. Oxygenate compounds include, but are not limited to, those listed in Table 1. The linear working range for oxygenates is 0.50 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg. 1.2 This test method is intended to determine the mass concentration of each oxygenate in the hydrocarbon matrix. Oxygenate compound identification is determined by reference standards and column elution retention order. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. TABLE 1 Oxygenates and Typical Retention Times ComponentsRetention Time (min) Dimethyl ether6.18 Diethyl ether8.44 Acetaldehyde8.89 Ethyl tert-butyl ether10.66 Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)10.92 Diisopropyl ether11.22 Propionaldehyde (Propanal)12.00 Tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME)13.19 Propyl ether14.00 Isobutylaldehyde14.10 Butylaldehyde14.50 Methanol14.91 Acetone15.39 Isovaleraldehyde16.00 Valeraldehyde16.10 2-Butanone (MEK)17.14 Ethanol17.51 N-propyl alcohol and isopropanol19.20 (co-elution) Allyl Alcohol20.00 Isobutanol, Tert-butyl alcohol, Sec-Butanol20.24 (co-elution) N-butanol20.84

Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5 Hydrocarbon Matrices by Gas Chromatography and Flame Ionization Detection

ASTM D6875-08 用热敏电阻测定工业用有机化学品凝固点的标准试验方法

This test method may be used for process control during the manufacture of organic chemicals described in Section 1, for setting specifications, for development and research work, and to determine if contamination was introduced during shipment.1.1 This test method covers a general procedure for determining the solidification point of most organic chemicals having appreciable heats of fusion and solidification points between 4 and 41°C. Note 18212;Other test methods for determining freeze point and solidification point of aromatic hydrocarbons include Test Methods D 852, D 1015, D 1016, D 3799, D 4493, and D 6269. 1.2 This test method is applicable to relatively pure compounds only. Solidification point depression is dependent on impurity concentrations. 1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this test method: for purposes of determining conformance with applicable specifications using this test method, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the “rounding-off method” of Practice E 29. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 8, Hazards.

Standard Test Method for Solidification Point of Industrial Organic Chemicals by Thermistor

ASTM D5871-08 环已烷原料用苯的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers benzene for cyclohexane feedstock. 1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations supplier's Material Safety Data Sheets for all materials used in this specification.

Standard Specification for Benzene for Cyclohexane Feedstock

ASTM E1445-08 化学品潜在危险性相关标准术语

1.1 This standard is a compilation of terminology used in the area of hazard potential of chemicals. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included. 1.2 Although some of these definitions are general in nature, many must be used in the context of the standards in which they appear. The pertinent standard number is given in parentheses after the definition. 1.3 In the interest of common understanding and standardization, consistent word usage is encouraged to help eliminate the major barrier to effective technical communication.

Standard Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemicals

ASTM E1064-08 用卡尔费歇尔库仑滴定法测定有机液体中水含量的标准试验方法

The coulometric technique is especially suited for determining low concentrations of water in organic liquids that would yield small titers by the Karl Fischer volumetric procedure. The precision and accuracy of the coulometric technique decreases for concentrations of water much greater than 2.0 % because of the difficulty in measuring the small size of sample required. The test method assumes 100 % efficiency of coulombs in iodine production. Provision is made for verifying this efficiency. (See Table 1 and Note 6.)1.1 This test method covers the determination of water from 0 to 2.0 % mass in most liquid organic chemicals, with Karl Fischer reagent, using an automated coulometric titration procedure. Use of this test method is not applicable for liquefied gas products such as Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), Butane, Propane, Liquid Natural Gas (LNG), etc. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 Review the current material safety data sheets (MSDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first-aid procedures, handling, and safety precautions. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

ASTM E502-07e1 用密闭杯法确定化学药品闪点的ASTM标准的选择和使用的标准试验方法

The flash point measures the response of the sample to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material. As a result of physical factors inherent in the apparatus and procedure, the closed cup flash point does not necessarily represent the minimum temperature at which a material can evolve flammable vapors, and the absence of a flash point does not guarantee nonflammability (see Appendix X1 and Appendix X2). Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials. Test Methods D 56, D 93, and D 3278 are specified as test methods for determining the flash point of these materials. 5.4 If the process or handling conditions dictate the usage of a flammable material at temperatures ranging upward from 5 to 10°C below the closed-cup flash point, then a flammable vapor might be present above the liquid. In such cases, it may be more appropriate to use the temperature limit of flammability (as determined by Test Method E 1232) instead of flash point. Small scale methods involving equilibrium procedures and only one flame pass per specimen are preferred.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of liquid and solid chemical compounds flashing from below − 10 to 370°C (16 to 700°F). The procedures and apparatus in Test Methods D 56, D 93, D 3278, D 3828, and D 3941 are to be used. Modification to these procedures are specified for tests on solids and viscous liquids. The significance of the results obtained is discussed along with possible sources of error and factors that might cause interference. 1.2 Suggestions for adapting this procedure to mixtures of chemicals are included (see Appendix X2). 1.3 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that take into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 1.4 WARNING – Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website – http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm - for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state may be prohibited by state law. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods

ASTM E502-07(2013) 采用密闭杯测定化学品闪点用ASTM标准的选择和使用的标准试验方法

5.1 The flash point measures the response of the sample to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material. 5.2 As a result of physical factors inherent in the apparatus and procedure, the closed cup flash point does not necessarily represent the minimum temperature at which a material can evolve flammable vapors, and the absence of a flash point does not guarantee nonflammability (see Appendix X1 and Appendix X2). 5.3 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials. Test Methods D56, D93, and D3278 are specified as test methods for determining the flash point of these materials. 5.4 If the process or handling conditions dictate the usage of a flammable material at temperatures ranging upward from 5 to 10°C below the closed-cup flash point, then a flammable vapor might be present above the liquid. In such cases, it may be more appropriate to use the temperature limit of flammability (as determined by Test Method E1232) instead of flash point. 5.5 Small scale methods involving equilibrium procedures and only one flame pass per specimen are preferred. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of liquid and solid chemical compounds flashing from below8201;−8201;10 to 370°C (16 to 700°F). The procedures and apparatus in Test Methods D56, D93, D3278, D3828, and D3941 are to be used. Modification to these procedures are specified for tests on solids and viscous liquids. The significance of the results obtained is discussed along with possible sources of error and factors that might cause interference. 1.2 Suggestions for adapting this procedure to mixtures of chemicals are included (see Appendix X2). 1.3 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that take into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website – http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm - for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state may be prohibited by state law. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safet......

Standard Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods

ASTM E502-07 用闭杯法测定化学制品闪点时选择和使用ASTM标准的标准试验方法

The flash point measures the response of the sample to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material. As a result of physical factors inherent in the apparatus and procedure, the closed cup flash point does not necessarily represent the minimum temperature at which a material can evolve flammable vapors, and the absence of a flash point does not guarantee nonflammability (see Appendix X1 and Appendix X2). Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials. Test Methods D 56, D 93, and D 3278 are specified as test methods for determining the flash point of these materials. 5.4 If the process or handling conditions dictate the usage of a flammable material at temperatures ranging upward from 5 to 10°C below the closed-cup flash point, then a flammable vapor might be present above the liquid. In such cases, it may be more appropriate to use the temperature limit of flammability (as determined by Test Method E 1232) instead of flash point. Small scale methods involving equilibrium procedures and only one flame pass per specimen are preferred.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of liquid and solid chemical compounds flashing from below 10 to 370176;C (16 to 700176;F). The procedures and apparatus in Test Methods D 56, D 93, D 3278, D 3828, and D 3941 are to be used. Modification to these procedures are specified for tests on solids and viscous liquids. The significance of the results obtained is discussed along with possible sources of error and factors that might cause interference.1.2 Suggestions for adapting this procedure to mixtures of chemicals are included (see Appendix X2).1.3 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that take into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods